El paisaje de la ciudad actual tiende a estar normalizada, los elementos y códigos de relación están regulados casi de manera idéntica en todas las ciudades. El paisaje urbano que se crea en las nuevas áreas de las ciudades se rige por las mismas leyes indiferentes a su historia pasada o el territorio sobre el que se asienta. Tal como describía Rem Koolhaas en La Ciudad Genérica la identidad es un lastre para para la ciudad actual que se libera de las ataduras culturales y busca referentes universalmente válidos y eficientes aunque vacíos de memoria. La diferencia entre ciudades se minimiza e incluso el clima parece ser algo que no tiene por qué influir de manera decisiva en la construcción de esos nuevos paisajes y son más decisivos factores como la movilidad o el mercado, donde el espacio se mide en unidades de tiempo o en unidades económicas cambiando la concepción mental de las ciudades.
El comportamiento de los ciudadanos está ligado a unos códigos implícitos que relacionan los elementos urbanos e indican al urbanita como debe ser su conducta. Los códigos urbanos no dejan lugar a la improvisación o la espontaneidad y cualquier conducta distinta a la reglada (o normal) es considerada anómala.
El paisaje de la ciudad actual asume la normalidad, sus espacios públicos y su estructura asume esa normalidad al igual que sus ciudadanos asumen esa normalidad. Cada espacio de la ciudad está definido por unos límites claros y precisos que definen un comportamiento. El comportamiento normal ayuda a la eficacia del ciudadano experimentado que no necesita mirar con demasiada atención la ciudad para conocer su imagen, otros la han mirado por él y se la han contado muchas veces. El paisaje urbano de la ciudad normal está construido por una mirada prestada compuesta por multitud de imágenes enlazadas que dirige nuestro comportamiento. Las imágenes se recomponen en cada ciudad para configurar su forma.
Diariamente recorremos la ciudad normal de forma casi automática, reconocemos su imagen constantemente y rara vez nos sorprende, nos orientamos fácilmente con sus códigos. Los paisajes de la ciudad normal son banales.
Los elementos de la ciudad normal son determinados y nos indican cómo debemos actuar en cada situación, incluso nos indican la velocidad a la que debemos desplazarnos, todo es previsible. El ciudadano, en vez de sentir rechazo de esa actitud impuesta, se siente seguro de pertenecer a un lugar previsible donde es posible dejarse llevar y disfrutar con ello.
Una conducta anómala no siempre es opuesta a lo normal, hay situaciones regladas donde lo anómalo es permitido e incluso lo normal se considera el comportamiento anómalo, podríamos llamarlo desorden normal, son ejemplos de estas situaciones las fiestas «populares», los eventos deportivos, las manifestaciones,… son holguras que la ciudad normal dispone para su funcionamiento eficiente y que el ciudadano asume con normalidad. La ciudad normal contiene elementos anómalos que invitan a comportamientos particulares igualmente admitidos serían los hitos urbanos que encierran un contenido social o cultural. Son manifestaciones que completan la realidad urbana compleja.
El paisaje de la ciudad actual tiende a la homogeneización. Los nuevos crecimientos periféricos generan áreas homogéneas donde la ley es la uniformidad y la especialización funcional, son lugares banales. Los centros de las ciudades de la ciudad actual se recuperan y adaptan en un intento de mantener sus valores culturales y mostrarlos de la forma más evidente posible para que sean detectados y consumidos. Los usos de los centros urbanos son sustituidos debido a los nuevos cambios de comportamiento de sus usuarios (los comercios locales se sustituyen por franquicias internacionales). El resultado formal de congelar su tiempo es la musealización y una banalización de su paisaje, de un modo similar que el de la periferia urbana.
José Luis Pardo escribe en su artículo Las Afueras de la Ciudad: «la banalidad no es memorable». El paisaje urbano banal da soporte a las acciones vitales y pautas de comportamiento pero no forma parte de la memoria de los ciudadanos que no parecen hacer el más mínimo esfuerzo para por recordarlo. Intuimos que el paisaje banal de la ciudad normal es una consecuencia de una percepción no atenta y de una forma que resulta de unas leyes de construcción de la ciudad.
(Este texto es parte del artículo publicado en las Actas del congreso internacional EURAU 2012).
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